CHARTS!

Analog excellence digitized for the web by RJ Andrews and friends.

PROFITS AND DEATHS IN THE WORLD WARPROFITS OF1 MUNITIONS MAKERTOTAL WAR DEADEACH FIGURE - $4,000,000EACH FIGURE - 100,000 LIVES

A symbol is flipped upside-down to make a graphic connection between war profiteering and deaths. Its accompanying text began by stating that "the desire for profits makes men do even stranger things than destroy goods."

RICH MAN, POOR MAN: pictures of a paradox (New York: 1935), is an all-blue book by Ryllis Alexander Goslin and Omar Pancoast Goslin, published by The People's League for Economic Security. It boasts "thirty dynamic, full-page charts" by artist Delos Blackmar.

My copy of the book is signed by its two authors and Delos Blackmar, who dedicated it: "With sincere prayer for the welfare & education of our suffering human-kind!"

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10315086117134791191398410899916388117130115125997710291918279899610272529046819165598991651091008888927556118644168676260585857565454525151514949474747444241403938373636363634343333323232313030292928272624191310FLORIDADELAWARENEW HAMPSHIREMISSISSIPPISOUTH CAROLINASOUTH DAKOTAMARYLANDNORTH CAROLINADISTRICT OF COLUMBIAOHIOWEST VIRGINIAARKANSASNEW MEXICOOKLAHOMAPENNSYLVANIAVIRGINIAALABAMAGEORGIANEW YORKIOWAMAINEOREGONWASHINGTONILLINOISVERMONTLOUISIANAKENTUCKYMICHIGANMISSOURIMONTANAKANSASUTAHTEXASWISCONSINCALIFORNIAIDAHOINDIANAMASSACHUSETTSCOLORADONEW JERSEYCONNECTICUTRHODE ISLANDNEBRASKATENNESSEEMINNESOTAARIZONAWYOMINGNORTH DAKOTANEVADAWAGE EARNERSSUBORDINATE SALARIED EMPLOYEES100%AVERAGE INCREASEUNITED STATESWAGE EARNERS39%AVERAGE INCREASEUNITED STATESSUBORDINATESALARIED EMPLOYEESDDECREASEU100%AVERAGE INCREASEUNITED STATESWAGE EARNERSSALARIED EMPLOYEES39%AVERAGE INCREASEUNITED STATESSUBORDINATESALARIED EMPLOYEESChart 44-a: Per Cent of Increase in Average Cost of Service per Employee-month, Wage Earnersand Suboridante Salaried Employees in Manufacturing Industries, by States,1914 to 1919.

A technical description of this chart (e.g. "comparative overlapping polar-area donut") cannot convey the excitement of its arched design, pattern-fill yellows (with a black Nevada!), and careful annotation.

The layered and masked colors, variety of text sizs and placements, and overall challenge of digitally designing in polar coordinates reveals the brilliance of the original composition.

This graphic was inspired by "Chart 44-a" from A Graphic Analysis of the Census of Manufactures (1923) by the National Industrial Conference Board. Scroll down to see another digitization from the same publication.

Chart 44-a was presented in a full-page spread that included a choropleth map (below) and data-table (on the facing righthand page). The map was colored according to salaried employees, which the shown chart is ordered by. The table was ordered alphabetically by state.

CHART CODE

1245812458 MillionenJüdischer Nationalfonds (seit 1902)Keren Hajessod (seit 1920)Chaluka und andere Hilfsgelderdes alten Jischuw (seit ca 1880)Baron Rothschild(incl. Ica und Pica)Privat-KapitalJüdische Kapital - Investierung in Palästina– in Millionen Pfund Sterline (abgerundet) –Status Mitte 1925 : 20 Millionen Pfund

Davis Trietsch's folio, Pälastina (Berlin: 1926), pairs a score of clever bar charts with line graphs and geographic maps to convey demographic, geographic, and financial statistics.

The rounded typeface and punchy color palette combine for a presentation that demands attention. Innovative features, which do not seem to be adopted anywhere else, include diagonal labels and bars-within-bars, which are reproduced below. Note that the inset bars, which illustrate a sub-group's contribution to the total, are illustrated at the same scale and annotated with the percentage relation to their whole.

Anzahl1893190319131923192610203040506070809010011012014000032000042000051000080000012000002124437412022000220002200022 000 D= 4 %140000140000140000140 000 D= 17,5 %Anteil des250000250000250000250 000 D= 25 %Keren Kajemeth Lejisrael189019001914192019231926 (Anfang)140 000320 000420 000510 000800 0001200 000 Dunam21244374120Der jüdische Bodenbesitz in PalästinaWachstum von 1890 bis 1926Ziffern in Dunam(1/11 Hektar)Zunahme der jüdischen Siedlungen etc.Zunahme 1924/25 so groß wie 1908 bis 1923 (15 Jahre).

Also note how text-styling makes numerals more readable by emphasizing the thousands. The combined effect of color, mark, text, and innovative features creates a coherent proclamation unseen in other data graphics.

Trietsch was a German writer and Zionist economic politician. Born in Dresden, he also lived in New York (where he studied migration issues) and Berlin before emigrating to Palestine in 1932.

See the the entire folio of Trietsch charts and maps in the David Rumsey Map Collection.

CHART CODE

1801183618561866188619061921193619541962025507510048485959686870707474767676767373707066664859687074767673706642484659585652433933PART RELATIVE DE LA POPULATION DE PARISDANS LE DÉPARTMENTS DE LA SEINE ET LA RÉGIONA DIFFÉRENTES DATES ENTRE 1801 ET 1962ParisReste de la SeineReste de la région%

100-percent stacked bar-charts are the best stacked bar-charts. This one is held together by gestalt: There is no visible grid. There is no boundary box. The bars alone are the chart. They also feature a nice circle fill pattern.

While this chart may not be perfect (the design, for example, does not highlight the data's irregular time intervals), its overall composition makes a bold impact. It is based on a chart on page 211 of the Atlas de Paris et de la Région Parisienne (1967) by Jacqueline Beaujeu-Garnier and Jean Bastié.

CHART CODE

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152531234567891011121314151617181920212223102030405060708090100110120130140150123456789184142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778187926F25.4F28F34F36.2F39F43.154F30.531F30.6F33F32.8F37F43.5F45.8F53.087F52.2F46.5F42.78F44.8F45.5F49.225F46.8F44.5F44.1F43.8F44.8F45.2F43.4F43F40.783F45.7F45.5F46.1F43.8F44.5F43.4F41.7F42.8F42.4F15.9F14.9F18.5F21F21.7F24F24.17F18F18.1F20F19.8F21.3F22.8F23.1F26.544F22.4F21F18.8F21.1F19.4F19.6F18.9F18.3F18F17.3F16.9F18.431F16.8F17F18.9F20.899F16.4F15.9F15.9F16.3F16.1F15.8F17.074F15.5F9.4F9.7F8.76F12F13.2F13.6F16.593F11.2F11.6F12F12.2F14.8F18F21.3F24.4F25.272F23.8F22.5F23.5F25.1F27.97F26F24.6F24.4F25F26.5F25.1F25.6F24.9F21.1F23.2F27.7F27.911F26.5F26.7F26.6F25.1F24.9F25.2F7,300,000 voyageurs6,000,000 voyageurs6,700,000 voyageurs8,300,000 voyageurs9,300,000 voyageurs10,700,000 voyageurs13,000,000 voyageurs12,000,000 voyageurs15,000,000 voyageurs18,300,000 voyageurs20,000,000 voyageurs22,700,000 voyageurs25,000,000 voyageurs28,300,000 voyageurs33,000,000 voyageurs36,300,000 voyageurs41,700,000 voyageurs45,700,000 voyageurs52,000,000 voyageurs56,700,000 voyageurs62,300,000 voyageurs65,300,000 voyageurs70,700,000 voyageurs76,000,000 voyageurs81,700,000 voyageurs87,300,000 voyageurs102,000,000 voyageurs103,300,000 voyageurs111,300,000 voyageurs103,300,000 voyageurs95,680,233 voyageurs115,000,000 voyageurs119,000,000 voyageurs124,000,000 voyageurs135,000,000 voyageurs138,000,000 voyageurs139,500,000 voyageurs153,000,000 voyageurs150,500,000 voyageurs1,000,000T1,700,000T1,700,000T2,000,000T2,300,000T2,700,000T4,000,000T3,300,000T3,700,000T4,300,000T5,000,000T5,300,000T7,400,000T9,500,000T11,600,000T13,700,000T15,800,000T17,900,000T20,000,000T23,300,000T27,882,200T27,300,000T29,000,000T31,300,000T34,300,000T37,300,000T37,700,000T42,700,000T44,013,433T37,300,000T37,700,000T54,300,000T58,000,000T57,300,000T59,300,000T62,700,000T62,300,000T63,700,000T69,300,000TIII. Recettes brutes Kilométriques totalesI. Recettes brutes Kilométriquesde Grande VitesseII. Recettes brutes Kilométriquesde petite vitesseVII. Nombre de voyageurs à toute distanceVIII. Nombre de tons àtoute distanceEléments absolusÉchellesFkmÉchelles destonnes et desvoyageursen milliersà toutedistance(millions)Kilomé-triques (milliards)

This line graph boasts a grid that disappears once it is no longer needed. Both vertical and horizontal gridlines extend from their origins to the farthest data mark—and no more. It was created in conversation with Tom Shanley.

Each vertical gridline begins at the chart's baseline and terminates at a data point. The logic powering the horizontal gridlines needs to accomodate two situations: (1) Terminate at the diagonal connecting two data points. (2) Bridge chasms to reach the farthest point where they are needed.

Other features include selective data-point labels, four vertical-axis scales, and multiple line styles. (The original reference chart, which included several more lines, was better suited for a large-format printed sheet than the screen you see here.)

This chart was inspired by a couplet by Émile Cheysson, "Navigation Intérieure. II. Tonnage kilométrique," in the 1881 Album du statistique graphique. See the original, which showed the same data with absolute and relative scales, in the David Rumsey Map Collection.

CHART CODE

 100%PARRATIO OF GOLD TO NOTESEXCHANGE IN PER CENT OF PAR99656160524839391554321951009480799890654726451181JapanSwitzerlandNetherlandsSpainDenmarkSwedenU.KingdomNorwayFranceItalyBelgiumFinlandPortugalGermany99656160524839391554321951009480799890654726451181

This diverging bar-chart compares the ratio of gold reserves of central banks to paper currency in circulation (left) to the relation of exchange rates to par value. It appeared as figure 102 in Karl. G. Karsten's Charts and Graphs (1925) with the caption, "Correlation is Indicated by Mirroring."

Karsten exhibited this chart in a chapter on composite bar-charts as an answer to overly-complex designs. His text explained:

"In fact, it can be laid down as a general rule that both the compound and the multiple bar-charts are too elaborate and complicated. A chart is always better the simpler it is, and we should make strong efforts to simplify these charts, and if possible reduce them to simple bar-charts. It usually pays well for sacrifices we make in this way, in legibility and interest to the reader, and after all, the chart of this type is generally directed at a reader, rather than at the maker. The only one of the three which stands out as absolutely simple and clear is the relative compound bar-chart, which consists of nothing more than a series of 100% bars."

Karsten's original caption attributes permission to Carl Snyder and dates the chart to March, 1922. Read Karsten's book at the Internet Archive.

CHART CODE

18831884188518861887188818891890189118921893189418951896189718981899190002468100246810MillionsdeTonnesMillionsdeTonnes5.25.24.85.45.45.86.16.36.66.46.46.76.77.17.8910.39.25.25.24.85.45.45.86.16.36.66.46.46.76.77.17.8910.39.2Port de ParisMouvement de la Navigation( Tonnage effectif )Ensemble du Tonnage

This vertical bar chart, or column chart, features several flourishes which ehance its design: asymetric vertical axis labels, bolded baseline labels every five years, emphasized zero-baseline weight, a grid that only appears over data, and a series label that follows the shape of the trend.

This chart was inspired by an inset graphic by Émile Cheysson, "Navigation Intérieure. II. Tonnage kilométrique," in the 1906 Album du statistique graphique. See the original, an overlapping column chart, in the David Rumsey Map Collection.

CHART CODE

1.62.37.62.631.74.73.21.84.31.73.11.935.92.31.98.51.83.72.23.42.72.32.73.11.46.810.72.20.92.52.62.62.933.23.23.33.43.43.63.63.63.63.73.73.83.944.14.24.34.74.84.9555.15.2RankState19141919123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930Dist. of ColumbiaFloridaMontanaPennsylvaniaMinnesotaNew JerseyGeorgiaNebraskaNew YorkWest VirginiaIllinoisWisconsinConnecticutMassachusettsColoradoNew HampshireTexasArizonaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaKansasIndianaOhioKentuckyIowaVermontOklahomaOregonNevadaRhode Island1.62.37.62.63.01.74.73.21.84.31.73.11.93.05.92.31.98.51.83.72.23.42.72.32.73.11.46.810.72.20.92.52.62.62.93.03.23.23.33.43.43.63.63.63.63.73.73.83.94.04.14.24.34.74.84.95.05.05.15.2Per Cent of Average Fluctuation in Employment, by States, 1914 and 1919

This graphic table features a comparative bar-chart with overlapping rectangles in two different styles—filled and outlined—to enhance the comparison between two different years. Compare this technique to Steven Few's bullet graph.

This graphic table was inspired by "Chart 61" from A Graphic Analysis of the Census of Manufactures (1923) by the National Industrial Conference Board.

CHART CODE

64.672.765.046.244.170.290.6121.0118.8117.188.458.2123456789101112020406080100120140160180200Tons956.9

This line graph features an emphasized zero-baseline, data-value labels (above the chart), and a total summary value. Created with Colin Megill.

This chart was inspired by example 14 from Standards for Graphic Presentation (1915). Its purpose was to emphasize that it "is often desirable to include in the diagram the numerical data or formulae represented." The Standards were an effort by a committee of leading American engineering, scientific, government, and businessmen. They hoped their recommended standards would improve how complex information was “imparted and interpreted.” See all seventeen standards.

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HOMEPAGE

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